Income Tax: England, Wales and Northern Ireland
| Band | Rate | Taxable income |
|---|---|---|
| Personal Allowance | 0% | Up to £12,570 |
| Basic rate | 20% | £12,571 to £50,270 |
| Higher rate | 40% | £50,271 to £125,140 |
| Additional rate | 45% | Over £125,140 |
The Personal Allowance falls by £1 for every £2 of adjusted net income over £100,000, reaching zero at £125,140.
Income Tax: Scotland
| Band | Rate | Taxable income |
|---|---|---|
| Personal Allowance | 0% | Up to £12,570 |
| Starter rate | 19% | £12,571 to £16,537 |
| Basic rate | 20% | £16,538 to £29,526 |
| Intermediate rate | 21% | £29,527 to £43,662 |
| Higher rate | 42% | £43,663 to £75,000 |
| Advanced rate | 45% | £75,001 to £125,140 |
| Top rate | 48% | Over £125,140 |
Applies to wages, pensions and most other taxable income for people who live in Scotland. Savings and dividends use UK rates. The Personal Allowance falls by £1 for every £2 of adjusted net income over £100,000, reaching zero at £125,140.
National Insurance
| Who | Rate | On |
|---|---|---|
| Employee (Class 1) | 8% | £12,570 to £50,270 a year |
| Employee (Class 1) | 2% | Over £50,270 a year |
| Employer (Class 1) | 15% | Over £5,000 a year |
| Employment Allowance | — | Up to £10,500 off employer NI |
| Self-employed (Class 4) | 6% | £12,570 to £50,270 of profit |
| Self-employed (Class 4) | 2% | Over £50,270 of profit |
Dividends (UK-wide)
| Band | Rate |
|---|---|
| Dividend allowance | First £500 tax-free |
| Basic rate | 10.75% |
| Higher rate | 35.75% |
| Additional rate | 39.35% |
Capital Gains Tax
| Item | Rate or amount |
|---|---|
| Annual exempt amount | £3,000 |
| Basic-rate taxpayers | 18% |
| Higher and additional-rate taxpayers | 24% |
| Business Asset Disposal Relief | 18% up to a £1,000,000 lifetime limit |
Inheritance Tax
| Item | Rate or amount |
|---|---|
| Nil-rate band | £325,000 |
| Residence nil-rate band | £175,000, tapered on estates over £2,000,000 |
| Rate above the nil-rate bands | 40% |
| Reduced rate (10% or more left to charity) | 36% |
Corporation Tax
| Profits | Rate |
|---|---|
| Up to £50,000 | 19% |
| £50,001 to £250,000 | 25% less marginal relief |
| Over £250,000 | 25% |
VAT
| Item | Rate or amount |
|---|---|
| Standard rate | 20% |
| Reduced rate | 5% |
| Zero rate | 0% |
| Registration threshold | £90,000 taxable turnover, rolling 12 months |
| Deregistration threshold | £88,000 |
Pensions
| Item | Amount |
|---|---|
| Annual allowance | £60,000 |
| Relief limit with no earnings | £3,600 |
Student loan repayments
| Plan | Rate | Threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Plan 1 | 9% | £26,900 a year |
| Plan 2 | 9% | £29,385 a year |
| Plan 4 (Scotland) | 9% | £33,795 a year |
| Plan 5 | 9% | £25,000 a year |
| Postgraduate Loan | 6% | £21,000 a year |
Approved mileage rates
| Vehicle | Rate per business mile |
|---|---|
| Car or van, first 10,000 miles | 55p |
| Car or van, after 10,000 miles | 25p |
| Motorcycle | 24p |
| Bicycle | 20p |
| Passenger (per passenger) | 5p |
Questions
When do these rates apply?
The 2026/27 tax year runs from 6 April 2026 to 5 April 2027. Corporation Tax uses financial years starting 1 April instead.
Do Scottish rates apply to dividends and savings?
No. Scottish Income Tax applies to wages, pensions and most other taxable income. Savings interest and dividends are taxed at the same rates as the rest of the UK.
Can I download the rates?
Yes. The rates cards are free PDFs and images, and the full set is published as JSON for anyone building their own tools.
Checked against GOV.UK on · Reviewed by Kamran Ishaq FCCA, Founder & CEO, on .
Sources: Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances (opens in a new tab); Income Tax in Scotland (opens in a new tab); National Insurance rates and category letters (opens in a new tab); Tax on dividends (opens in a new tab); Capital Gains Tax (opens in a new tab); Inheritance Tax (opens in a new tab); VAT rates (opens in a new tab); VAT registration (opens in a new tab); Tax on your private pension: pension tax relief (opens in a new tab); Repaying your student loan: what you pay (opens in a new tab); Travel — mileage and fuel rates and allowances (opens in a new tab).